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  • Home
  • IB Economics
    • 01 Microeconomics >
      • 1. The Foundations of Economics
      • 1.1 Demand and Supply
      • 1.2 Elasticities
      • 1.3 Government Intervention
      • 1.4 Market Failure
    • 02 Macroeconomics >
      • 01 Level of Economic Activity
      • 2.2 Aggregate Demand
      • 2.3 Aggregate Supply
      • 2.4 Macroeconomic Equlibruim
      • 2.5 Unemployment
      • 2.6 Inflation
      • 2.7 Economic Growth
      • 2.8 Equity in the distribution of income
    • 03 The Global Economy >
      • 3.1 Free Trade
      • 3.2 Protectionism
      • 3.3 Exchange Rates
      • 3.4 Balance of Payments
      • 3.5 Economic Integration
      • 3.6 Economic Development
      • 3.7 Measuring Development
      • 3.8 Barriers to economic growth and/or development
    • 04 Exam Preparation
  • Individuals & Societies 7
    • 01 Economic Growth and Development
    • 02 Where are all the people?
    • 03 Why do empires fall?
    • 04 How has globalization shaped the world?
  • Individuals & Societies 8
    • 01 Belief systems and their influence on culture
    • 02 How are societies governed?
    • 03 Japan 1603 - 1945: Isolation and then expansion
    • 04 What are natural hazards and how do societies respond to them? Case Study: Japan
  • Individuals & Societies 10
    • 01 Does industrialization improve well-being?
    • 02 The Psychology of Motivation
  • IB Business Management
    • 01 Business Organization and the Environment >
      • 1.1 Introduction to Business Management
      • 1.2 Types of business organizations
      • 1.3 Organizational objectives
      • 1.4 Stakeholders
      • 1.5 External Environment
      • 1.6 Growth and Evolution
      • 1.7 Organizational planning tools
    • 02 Human Resources >
      • 2.1 Human Resource Planning
      • 2.2 Organizational Structure
      • 2.3 Leadership and Management
      • 2.4 Motivation
      • 2.5 Organizational and corporate cultures
      • 2.6 Employer and employee relations
    • 03 Finance and Accounting >
      • 3.1 Sources of finance
      • 3.2 Costs and revenues
      • 3.3 Break-even analysis
      • 3.4 Financial Accounts
      • 3.5 & 3.6 Ratio Analysis
      • 3.7 Cash flow
      • 3.8 Investment appraisal
      • 3.9 Budgets
    • 04 Marketing >
      • 4.1 The Role Marketing
      • 4.2 Marketing Planning
      • 4.3 Sales Forcasting
      • 4.4 Market Research
      • 4.5 Product >
        • 4.5 Price
        • 4.5 Promotion
        • 4.5 Place
      • 4.7 International Marketing and Globalization
    • The Exam
  • AP World History
    • Free Response Questions
    • 10,000 BCE - 600CE
    • 600 - 1450
    • 1450 - 1750
  • AP Human Geo
    • 01 Geography its nature and perspectives
    • 02 Population and Migration
    • 03 Cultural Geography
    • 04 Political Geography
    • 05 Urban Geography
    • 06 Economic Geography
    • 07 Agricultural Geography
    • Exam Review
  • Previously Taught Courses
    • G12 Economics >
      • Basic Economic Ideas
      • Producing and Consuming
      • Financial Capability
      • Managing the Economy
    • G10 World History >
      • 01 Exploration, Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
      • 02 The American Revolution
      • 03 France: Absolute Monarchy & Revolution
      • 04 The Industrial Revolution
      • 05 Imperialism and Nationalism
      • 06 WW1
      • 07 Inter-War Period
      • 08 WW2
    • G9 World History >
      • 01 Human beginnings and early civilizations >
        • 03 What can we learn from Classical Civilizations (Greece) >
          • 03 What can we learn from Classical Civilizations?
      • 03 Classical China
      • 04 The Muslim World
      • 05 Interregional Networks and Contacts 500 - 1450
      • 01 The Individuals and Societies Toolbox
      • 06 The Renaissance and Reformation >
        • Oral Presentations
    • G9 Social Studies >
      • History >
        • Analyzing Sources
      • Geography
    • G7 Social Studies >
      • Introduction to Empowerment
      • Economic Empowerment
      • Political Empowerment
      • Cultural Empowerment
      • National Empowerment
      • 04 Resources and the environment
      • Finance and Accounting >
        • 3.1 Sources of finance
        • 3.2 Investment appraisal
        • 3.3 Working capital
        • 3.4 Budgeting
        • 3.5 Financial Accounts
        • 3.6 Ratio Analysis
    • Writing Skills
    • Critical Reading
  • Extended Essay
    • 01 Getting Started
    • 02 Structuring the EE

Stone Age - Neolithic Revolution - Early Civilizations

At the beginning of the unit we will study the transition from hunter gathering societies to sedentary agriculture and the subsequent birth of 'civilizations'. The following PowerPoint will provide you with a review of the major ideas you need to know and should be used in conjunction with your assigned reading. 
Your browser does not support viewing this document. Click here to download the document.

Characteristics of Early Agricultural Civilizations
It is imperative that you know and understand the common characteristics of early agricultural civilizations.  Note that the characteristics mentioned below expand on the definition of a civilization.

Characteristic

Permanent settlements



Specialized workers




Technological innovations




Governments






Social Classes




Religion

Significance

As people began to farm, they began to settle in one place.  Eventually, villages, towns, and cities developed.  Important examples of early permanent settlements are Catal Huyuk and Jericho.  Early cities became the focus of a civilization because of their political, cultural, and economic importance

As farming produced food surpluses, many people did not have to farm and were able to specialize in other areas, such as ceramics and textile production.  As civilizations advanced, people were able to specialize in other professions, such as commerce, civil engineers, religious leaders, and political leaders

Early agricultural/Neolithic civilizations developed the use of various metals (copper, gold, and bronze in that order) for items such as weapons and other luxury goods; other examples of technological innovations, largely due to the specialization of workers, include advanced irrigation apparatus, the wheel, weapons, sundials, etc. 

As cities developed in the early civilizations, the inhabitants required large public works projects beyond the scope of private citizens.  As a result, governments formed to organize and oversee the fabrication of roads, irrigation projects, public buildings, etc.  and to regulate commerce (through the establishment of laws, courts, and a system of punishment.  Moreover, governments functioned to protect citizens from invasions and to organize attacks on rival civilizations.  Governments also collected taxes from the city dwellers

As people settled on land to farm, there were those who laid claim to more land than others, thus forming the first elite social classes.  Early civilizations had an elite social class comprised of large land-owners.  Many civilizations, such as Sumer, had a slave class, although in most cases slaves could buy their freedom.  Likewise, men could sell women and children into slavery to pay off debts.

As people began to observe more closely their environment in an effort to increase agricultural productivity, knowledge of seasons and nature increased.  Attempting to explain natural processes and natural disasters, people developed elaborate stories about the origin of life and rituals to appease gods they perceived as controlling nature.  Over time, a group of specialized workers emerged to lead these rituals and devote their lives to the worship of deities. 

Comparing Early River Civilizations

Picture

A surplus of agricultural production led to the rise of complex human societies, or civilizations.  With the need of agricultural societies to irrigate, it is not surprising that many civilizations emerged in river valleys.  The River Valley civilizations that emerged on the Yellow River (China), the Indus River (India), the Nile River (Egypt), and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) made lasting contributions to civilizations.  The following chart compares the important features of a few of these river valley civilizations.  As you look over this file, attempt to piece together what these civilizations have in common and what differentiates them.


*Please note that Mesmoamerican Classical Civilizations will be studied in Unit II

Comparing River Valley Civilizations
File Size: 43 kb
File Type: doc
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Comparing Classical Civilizations
File Size: 29 kb
File Type: doc
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Analyzing Why??

Picture
In the AP Exam you will have to answer a Comparative FRQ. In order to achieve a high score for this question you must be able to identify similarities and differences between different civilization but also WHY they were similar or different. Using the notes below as a guide think of your own ideas of how and why Classical Civilizations were similar / different. Those noted below are by no means the only similarities and differences. Think about their Belief Systems, Trading Networks, Interactions with their Environments.

Comparing Social Structures


Slavery
In Greece and Rome slavery was widely practiced.
     Why? = Slaves were from foreign conquest.
China had slavery but it was not widely practiced.
     Why? = China was not particularly expansionistic.
India didn't really have slavery?
    Why? = It didn't need the because of the caste-system

Comparing the Role of Women
 In Greece, Rome, India and China were all patriarchal societies although women in Sparta had more freedom than most.
Why?

o   China = Confucianism decreed that women must obey their husbands.
o   India = Caste system and the increasing decline of women during the Gupta empire. Under Hindu law women were subservient to men, they were not allowed allowed to own or inherit property.
o   Rome = Rome had the paterfamilias (a law which recognized the dominant role of men over women) which was similar to Confucian ideas on gender.
o   Greece = women in Sparta had more freedom that women in Athens as while their husbands and sons were training and fighting in battle they were needed to work.

Social Pyramids
India had the Caste System.
Why? = Aryans introduced it to control the native population.

China’s social pyramid is based on Confucianism which meant that merchants considered ‘lower’ than peasants. 
Why? = The Han favored Confucianism as it re-enforced their position.

Political Organization
Greece and Rome were Expressionistic.
o   Why? = they were both ethnocentric, lack of resources.

China was not expansionistic
o   Why? = Thought they were the centre of the earth (Middle Kingdom), blocked in by natural barriers so they were isolated. More concerned with keeping invaders out (Great Wall)

Centralized or decentralized?
Greece and India were de-centralized.
o   Why? = Geographic barriers made centralization very difficult. Led to rival city-states in Greece and made centralization in India impossible due its large size.

Culture
Greece and China valued educational achievement. This meant an individual’s ability was more important than his wealth. E.g. the bureaucracy in China could contain peasants if they passed the civil service exam.

Unit 1 Review Materials

Analyze similarities and differences in methods of political control in two of the following empires in the Classical period.

2009 FRQ
File Size: 33 kb
File Type: doc
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Early Global Trade and Contact



Global Trade and Contact
File Size: 15 kb
File Type: docx
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Review MCQ for Unit 1



Unit 1 Quiz
File Size: 273 kb
File Type: doc
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Completing CCOT charts will help you prepare for the CCOT Free Response Question on the Exam. Choose a world region, e.g. Europe and complete the chart as best you can. You'll be surprised at how much you know!!
Bevan CCOT chart
File Size: 14 kb
File Type: docx
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Unit 1 Review Packet
Review Packet 10000-600
File Size: 182 kb
File Type: doc
Download File

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  • Home
  • IB Economics
    • 01 Microeconomics >
      • 1. The Foundations of Economics
      • 1.1 Demand and Supply
      • 1.2 Elasticities
      • 1.3 Government Intervention
      • 1.4 Market Failure
    • 02 Macroeconomics >
      • 01 Level of Economic Activity
      • 2.2 Aggregate Demand
      • 2.3 Aggregate Supply
      • 2.4 Macroeconomic Equlibruim
      • 2.5 Unemployment
      • 2.6 Inflation
      • 2.7 Economic Growth
      • 2.8 Equity in the distribution of income
    • 03 The Global Economy >
      • 3.1 Free Trade
      • 3.2 Protectionism
      • 3.3 Exchange Rates
      • 3.4 Balance of Payments
      • 3.5 Economic Integration
      • 3.6 Economic Development
      • 3.7 Measuring Development
      • 3.8 Barriers to economic growth and/or development
    • 04 Exam Preparation
  • Individuals & Societies 7
    • 01 Economic Growth and Development
    • 02 Where are all the people?
    • 03 Why do empires fall?
    • 04 How has globalization shaped the world?
  • Individuals & Societies 8
    • 01 Belief systems and their influence on culture
    • 02 How are societies governed?
    • 03 Japan 1603 - 1945: Isolation and then expansion
    • 04 What are natural hazards and how do societies respond to them? Case Study: Japan
  • Individuals & Societies 10
    • 01 Does industrialization improve well-being?
    • 02 The Psychology of Motivation
  • IB Business Management
    • 01 Business Organization and the Environment >
      • 1.1 Introduction to Business Management
      • 1.2 Types of business organizations
      • 1.3 Organizational objectives
      • 1.4 Stakeholders
      • 1.5 External Environment
      • 1.6 Growth and Evolution
      • 1.7 Organizational planning tools
    • 02 Human Resources >
      • 2.1 Human Resource Planning
      • 2.2 Organizational Structure
      • 2.3 Leadership and Management
      • 2.4 Motivation
      • 2.5 Organizational and corporate cultures
      • 2.6 Employer and employee relations
    • 03 Finance and Accounting >
      • 3.1 Sources of finance
      • 3.2 Costs and revenues
      • 3.3 Break-even analysis
      • 3.4 Financial Accounts
      • 3.5 & 3.6 Ratio Analysis
      • 3.7 Cash flow
      • 3.8 Investment appraisal
      • 3.9 Budgets
    • 04 Marketing >
      • 4.1 The Role Marketing
      • 4.2 Marketing Planning
      • 4.3 Sales Forcasting
      • 4.4 Market Research
      • 4.5 Product >
        • 4.5 Price
        • 4.5 Promotion
        • 4.5 Place
      • 4.7 International Marketing and Globalization
    • The Exam
  • AP World History
    • Free Response Questions
    • 10,000 BCE - 600CE
    • 600 - 1450
    • 1450 - 1750
  • AP Human Geo
    • 01 Geography its nature and perspectives
    • 02 Population and Migration
    • 03 Cultural Geography
    • 04 Political Geography
    • 05 Urban Geography
    • 06 Economic Geography
    • 07 Agricultural Geography
    • Exam Review
  • Previously Taught Courses
    • G12 Economics >
      • Basic Economic Ideas
      • Producing and Consuming
      • Financial Capability
      • Managing the Economy
    • G10 World History >
      • 01 Exploration, Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
      • 02 The American Revolution
      • 03 France: Absolute Monarchy & Revolution
      • 04 The Industrial Revolution
      • 05 Imperialism and Nationalism
      • 06 WW1
      • 07 Inter-War Period
      • 08 WW2
    • G9 World History >
      • 01 Human beginnings and early civilizations >
        • 03 What can we learn from Classical Civilizations (Greece) >
          • 03 What can we learn from Classical Civilizations?
      • 03 Classical China
      • 04 The Muslim World
      • 05 Interregional Networks and Contacts 500 - 1450
      • 01 The Individuals and Societies Toolbox
      • 06 The Renaissance and Reformation >
        • Oral Presentations
    • G9 Social Studies >
      • History >
        • Analyzing Sources
      • Geography
    • G7 Social Studies >
      • Introduction to Empowerment
      • Economic Empowerment
      • Political Empowerment
      • Cultural Empowerment
      • National Empowerment
      • 04 Resources and the environment
      • Finance and Accounting >
        • 3.1 Sources of finance
        • 3.2 Investment appraisal
        • 3.3 Working capital
        • 3.4 Budgeting
        • 3.5 Financial Accounts
        • 3.6 Ratio Analysis
    • Writing Skills
    • Critical Reading
  • Extended Essay
    • 01 Getting Started
    • 02 Structuring the EE